Preface
To begin, iron and steel technology essentially comes from the ability to smelt iron ore into iron and then modify its properties this is done by the addition of materials, heat treatment and physical deformation. On jaern most characteristics of the iron and steel come from physical deformation, more commonly known as work hardening or cold working.

Heat Treatment
Heat treatment is a problem due to the lack of significant hardwoods and coal products to make sufficiently hot charcoal which leaves most working smiths softer charcoals. While some organizations and governments have the resources for high temperature operations the majority (95%) of metal work done on jaern is fairly low temperature. The majority of charcoal on jaern comes from oorns, the huge floating trees in the sea. Some heat treatment is performed via the process of annealing which essentially reverses the work hardening process.

Smelting
Smelting usually takes place on reefs or small (50' or less) islets where prevailing winds are good. Furnaces have a variety of designs but most consist of a cavity which has a wind duct and an exhaust duct. Many also feature an under duct that leads down just below sea level. This is said to put Neptune's blessing upon the iron as well as to collect the bloom (which in is really small chunks). Afterwards the bloom, iron and slag, are dug out and the slag is removed via hot working.